HAROLD 

Features

• Advanced laser simulations
Fabry-Perot cavity modeling in 1D (Y) and 2D (YZ);
Pulsed (isothermal) or CW (self-heating) conditions;
Harold XY: laser cross-section modelingGain curves export for laser / SOA modeling;
• Self-consistent solution of Poisson Equation
With drift-diffusion, capture/escape models for electrons and holes;
• Full XY or YZ solution of the heat flow equation
Power dissipation: Joule, non-radiative recombination, free carrier absorption, excess power distribution, mirror scattering and mirror absorption;
Heat-sink overhang in 2D (YZ) calculations;
• 2D+Z waveguide mode solver
Used to compute confinement factor and mode gain for TE and TM modes;
• Capture/Escape balance equations
Used to describe thermal equilibrium between confined and unconfined carriers in QW regions;

• Gain model for QW lasers
Function of wavelength, carrier concentration and temperature;
Parabolic band approximation;
Can compute both TE and TM mode gain;
• Support of multiple QW structures (MQW)
Supports non-identical wells Schrödinger Equation solved over the whole MQW region to account for coupling between wells Wavefunction overlaps included in recombination and gain model;
• VCSEL
Built in full-vector 3D cavity mode solver for multiple modes;
• Built-in far-field calculator
Full 3D thermal heat-flow model;
Self Consistent Poisson/drift-diffusion electrical model;
• Miscellaneous
Models effect of strain (in QW and barrier layers) on the QW levels;
Includes Shockley-Read-Hall, Auger, stimulated & spontaneous recombination;
Non-injecting and absorbing mirrors;
Material database of quaternary alloys; materials such as AlGaAs, InGaAsP, InGaAlAs, gold, copper, etc.;